本文共 20437 字，大约阅读时间需要 68 分钟。
语言版本：Python
1、自动登录12306并保持Cookie
2、自动实现抢购设置的某日期的某车次的票
3、攻克排队系统陷阱，避免进入排队系统
4、循环监控某车次的票，直到有票，自动抢购
5、抢票时若出现异常，自动重新抢票，直到成功
'''@初始配置项Author:韦玮---------------'''# 12306账号myuser = "3123123@qq.com"mypasswd = "312132123"import urllib.requestimport reimport sslimport urllib.parseimport http.cookiejarimport datetimeimport time# 为了防止ssl出现问题，你可以加上下面一行代码ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context# 查票# 常用三字码与站点对应关系areatocode = { "上海": "SHH", "北京": "BJP", "南京": "NJH", "昆山": "KSH", "杭州": "HZH", "桂林": "GLZ"}start1 = input("请输入起始站:")# start1="北京"start = areatocode[start1]to1 = input("请输入到站:")# to1="上海"to = areatocode[to1]isstudent = input("是学生吗？是：1，不是：0")# isstudent="0"date = input("请输入要查询的乘车开始日期的年月，如2017-03-05：")# date="2018-04-13"if (isstudent == "0"): student = "ADULT"else: student = "0X00"url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=" + date + "&\leftTicketDTO.from_station=" + start + "&leftTicketDTO.to_station=" + to + "&purpose_codes=" + studentcontext = ssl._create_unverified_context()data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")patrst01 = '"result":\[(.*?)\]'rst01 = re.compile(patrst01).findall(data)[0]allcheci = rst01.split(",")checimap_pat = '"map":({.*?})'checimap = eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(data)[0])print("车次\t出发站名\t到达站名\t出发时间\t到达时间\t一等座\t二等座\t硬座\t无座")for i in range(0, len(allcheci)): try: thischeci = allcheci[i].split("|") # [3]---code code = thischeci[3] # [6]---fromname fromname = thischeci[6] fromname = checimap[fromname] # [7]---toname toname = thischeci[7] toname = checimap[toname] # [8]---stime stime = thischeci[8] # [9]---atime atime = thischeci[9] # [28]---yz yz = thischeci[31] # [29]---wz wz = thischeci[30] # [30]---ze ze = thischeci[29] # [31]---zy zy = thischeci[26] print(code + "\t" + fromname + "\t" + toname + "\t" + stime + "\t" + atime + "\t" + str(zy) + "\t" + str(ze) + "\t\ " + str(yz) + "\t" + str(wz)) except Exception as err: passisdo = input("查票完成，请输入1继续…")# isdo=1if (isdo == 1 or isdo == "1"): passelse: raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")print("Cookie处理中…")# 以下进行登陆操作# 建立cookie处理cjar = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cjar))urllib.request.install_opener(opener)# 以下进入自动登录部分loginurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init#"req0 = urllib.request.Request(loginurl)req0.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req0data = urllib.request.urlopen(req0).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")yzmurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand"while True: urllib.request.urlretrieve(yzmurl, "./12306_yzm.png") yzm = input("请输入验证码，输入第几张图片即可") if (yzm != "re"): break# x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(45)# x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(114)pat1 = '"(.*?)"'allpic = re.compile(pat1).findall(yzm)def getxy(pic): if (pic == 1): xy = (35, 45) if (pic == 2): xy = (112, 45) if (pic == 3): xy = (173, 45) if (pic == 4): xy = (253, 45) if (pic == 5): xy = (35, 114) if (pic == 6): xy = (112, 114) if (pic == 7): xy = (173, 114) if (pic == 8): xy = (253, 114) return xyallpicpos = ""for i in allpic: thisxy = getxy(int(i)) for j in thisxy: allpicpos = allpicpos + str(j) + ","allpicpos2 = re.compile("(.*?).$").findall(allpicpos)[0]print(allpicpos2)# post验证码验证yzmposturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"yzmpostdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "answer": allpicpos2, "rand": "sjrand", "login_site": "E",}).encode('utf-8')req1 = urllib.request.Request(yzmposturl, yzmpostdata)req1.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req1data = urllib.request.urlopen(req1).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")# post账号密码验证loginposturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"loginpostdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "username": myuser, "password": mypasswd, "appid": "otn",}).encode('utf-8')req2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl, loginpostdata)req2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req2data = urllib.request.urlopen(req2).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")# 其他验证loginposturl2 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin"loginpostdata2 = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "_json_att": "",}).encode('utf-8')req2_2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl2, loginpostdata2)req2_2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req2data_2 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_2).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")loginposturl3 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk"loginpostdata3 = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "appid": "otn",}).encode('utf-8')req2_3 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl3, loginpostdata3)req2_3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req2data_3 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_3).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")pat_req2 = '"newapptk":"(.*?)"'tk = re.compile(pat_req2, re.S).findall(req2data_3)[0]loginposturl4 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient"loginpostdata4 = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "tk": tk,}).encode('utf-8')req2_4 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl4, loginpostdata4)req2_4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req2data_4 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_4).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")# 爬个人中心页面centerurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"req3 = urllib.request.Request(centerurl)req3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')req3data = urllib.request.urlopen(req3).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")print("登陆完成")# isdo="1"isdo = input("如果需要订票，请输入1继续，否则请输入其他数据")if (isdo == 1 or isdo == "1"): passelse: raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")thiscode = input("请输入要预定的车次：")chooseno = "None"# chooseno="1"while True: try: # 订票 # 先初始化一下订票界面 initurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init" reqinit = urllib.request.Request(initurl) reqinit.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') initdata = urllib.request.urlopen(reqinit).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 再爬对应订票信息 bookurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=" + date + "&leftTi\cketDTO.from_station=" + start + "&leftTicketDTO.to_station=" + to + "&purpose_codes=" + student req4 = urllib.request.Request(bookurl) req4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHT\ML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req4data = urllib.request.urlopen(req4).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 存储车次与secretStr信息 patrst01 = '"result":\[(.*?)\]' rst01 = re.compile(patrst01).findall(req4data)[0] allcheci = rst01.split(",") checimap_pat = '"map":({.*?})' checimap = eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(req4data)[0]) code = [] secretStr = [] zy = [] for i in range(0, len(allcheci)): try: thischeci = allcheci[i].split("|") # print(thischeci) # [3]---code thiscode1 = thischeci[3] code.append(thiscode1) # [0]---secretStr secretStr.append(thischeci[0].replace('"', "")) # [31]-zy thiszy = thischeci[31] zy.append(thiszy) except Exception as err: pass # 用字典trainzy存储车次有没有票的信息 trainzy = {} for i in range(0, len(code)): trainzy[code[i]] = zy[i] # 用字典traindata存储车次secretStr信息，以供后续订票操作 # 存储的格式是：traindata={"车次1":secretStr1,"车次2":secretStr2,…} traindata = {} for i in range(0, len(code)): traindata[code[i]] = secretStr[i] # 订票-第1次post-主要进行确认用户状态 checkurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser" checkdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "_json_att": "" }).encode('utf-8') req5 = urllib.request.Request(checkurl, checkdata) req5.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req5data = urllib.request.urlopen(req5).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 自动得到当前时间并转为年-月-格式，因为后面请求数据需要用到当前时间作为返程时间backdate backdate = datetime.datetime.now() backdate = backdate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") # 订票-第2次post-主要进行“预订”提交 submiturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest" submitdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "secretStr": traindata[thiscode], "train_date": date, "back_train_date": backdate, "tour_flag": "dc", "purpose_codes": student, "query_from_station_name": start1, "query_to_station_name": to1, }) submitdata2 = submitdata.replace("%25", "%") submitdata3 = submitdata2.encode('utf-8') req6 = urllib.request.Request(submiturl, submitdata3) req6.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req6data = urllib.request.urlopen(req6).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 订票-第3次post-主要获取Token、leftTicketStr、key_check_isChange、train_location initdcurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc" initdcdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "_json_att": "" }).encode('utf-8') req7 = urllib.request.Request(initdcurl, initdcdata) req7.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req7data = urllib.request.urlopen(req7).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 获取train_no、leftTicketStr、fromStationTelecode、toStationTelecode、train_location train_no_pat = "'train_no':'(.*?)'" leftTicketStr_pat = "'leftTicketStr':'(.*?)'" fromStationTelecode_pat = "from_station_telecode':'(.*?)'" toStationTelecode_pat = "'to_station_telecode':'(.*?)'" train_location_pat = "'train_location':'(.*?)'" pattoken = "var globalRepeatSubmitToken.*?'(.*?)'" patkey = "'key_check_isChange':'(.*?)'" train_no_all = re.compile(train_no_pat).findall(req7data) if (len(train_no_all) != 0): train_no = train_no_all[0] else: raise Exception("train_no获取失败") leftTicketStr_all = re.compile(leftTicketStr_pat).findall(req7data) if (len(leftTicketStr_all) != 0): leftTicketStr = leftTicketStr_all[0] else: raise Exception("leftTicketStr获取失败") fromStationTelecode_all = re.compile(fromStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data) if (len(fromStationTelecode_all) != 0): fromStationTelecode = fromStationTelecode_all[0] else: raise Exception("fromStationTelecod获取失败") toStationTelecode_all = re.compile(toStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data) if (len(toStationTelecode_all) != 0): toStationTelecode = toStationTelecode_all[0] else: raise Exception("toStationTelecode获取失败") train_location_all = re.compile(train_location_pat).findall(req7data) if (len(train_location_all) != 0): train_location = train_location_all[0] else: raise Exception("train_location获取失败") tokenall = re.compile(pattoken).findall(req7data) if (len(tokenall) != 0): token = tokenall[0] else: raise Exception("Token获取失败") keyall = re.compile(patkey).findall(req7data) if (len(keyall) != 0): key = keyall[0] else: raise Exception("key_check_isChange获取失败") # 还需要获取train_location pattrain_location = "'tour_flag':'dc','train_location':'(.*?)'" train_locationall = re.compile(pattrain_location).findall(req7data) if (len(train_locationall) != 0): train_location = train_locationall[0] else: raise Exception("train_location获取失败") # 自动post网址4-获取乘客信息 getuserurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs" getuserdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token, }).encode('utf-8') req8 = urllib.request.Request(getuserurl, getuserdata) req8.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req8data = urllib.request.urlopen(req8).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") # 获取用户信息 # 提取姓名 namepat = '"passenger_name":"(.*?)"' # 提取身份证 idpat = '"passenger_id_no":"(.*?)"' # 提取手机号 mobilepat = '"mobile_no":"(.*?)"' # 提取对应乘客所在的国家 countrypat = '"country_code":"(.*?)"' nameall = re.compile(namepat).findall(req8data) idall = re.compile(idpat).findall(req8data) mobileall = re.compile(mobilepat).findall(req8data) countryall = re.compile(countrypat).findall(req8data) # 选择乘客 if (chooseno != "None"): pass else: # 输出乘客信息，由于可能有多位乘客，所以通过循环输出 for i in range(0, len(nameall)): print("第" + str(i + 1) + "位用户,姓名:" + str(nameall[i])) chooseno = input("请选择要订票的用户的序号，此处只能选择一位哦，如需选择多\位，可以自行修改一下代码") # thisno为对应乘客的下标，比序号少1，比如序号为1的乘客在列表中的下标为0 thisno = int(chooseno) - 1 if (trainzy[thiscode] == "无"): print("当前无票，继续监控…") continue # 总请求1-点击提交后步骤1-确认订单(在此只定二等座，座位类型为1，如需选择多种类型座位，可 # 以自行修改一下代码使用if判断一下即可) checkOrderurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo" checkdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "cancel_flag": 2, "bed_level_order_num": "000000000000000000000000000000", "passengerTicketStr": "M,0,1," + str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",\" + str(mobileall[thisno]) + ",N", "oldPassengerStr": str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",1_", "tour_flag": "dc", "randCode": "", "whatsSelect": 1, "_json_att": "", "REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token, }).encode('utf-8') req9 = urllib.request.Request(checkOrderurl, checkdata) req9.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KH\TML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req9data = urllib.request.urlopen(req9).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") print("确认订单完成，即将进行下一步") # 总请求2-点击提交后步骤2-获取队列 getqueurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount" # checkdata=checkOrderdata.encode('utf-8') # 将日期转为格林时间 # 先将字符串转为常规时间格式 thisdatestr = date # 需要的买票时间 thisdate = datetime.datetime.strptime(thisdatestr, "%Y-%m-%d").date() # 再转为对应的格林时间 gmt = '%a+%b+%d+%Y' thisgmtdate = thisdate.strftime(gmt) # 将leftstr2转成指定格式 leftstr2 = leftTicketStr.replace("%", "%25") getquedata = "train_date=" + str(thisgmtdate) + "+00%3A00%3A00+GMT%2B0800&train_no=" + train_no + "&sta\tionTrainCode=" + thiscode + "&seatType=M&fromStationTelecode=" + fromStationTelecode + "&toStationTelecod\e=" + toStationTelecode + "&leftTicket=" + leftstr2 + "&purpose_codes=00&train_location=" + train_location + "&_j\son_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token) getdata = getquedata.encode('utf-8') req10 = urllib.request.Request(getqueurl, getdata) req10.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM\L, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req10data = urllib.request.urlopen(req10).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") print("获取订单队列完成，即将进行下一步") # 总请求3-确认步骤1-配置确认提交 confurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue" confdata2 = urllib.parse.urlencode({ "passengerTicketStr": "M,0,1," + str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",\" + str(mobileall[thisno]) + ",N", "oldPassengerStr": str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",1_", "randCode": "", "purpose_codes": "00", "key_check_isChange": key, "leftTicketStr": leftTicketStr, "train_location": train_location, "choose_seats": "", "seatDetailType": "000", "whatsSelect": "1", "roomType": "00", "dwAll": "N", "_json_att": "", "REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token, }).encode('utf-8') req11 = urllib.request.Request(confurl, confdata2) req11.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req11data = urllib.request.urlopen(req11).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") print("配置确认提交完成，即将进行下一步") time1 = time.time() while True: # 总请求4-确认步骤2-获取orderid time2 = time.time() if ((time2 - time1) // 60 > 5): print("获取orderid超时，正在进行新一次抢购") break getorderidurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random=" + str( int(time.time() * 1000)) + "&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token) req12 = urllib.request.Request(getorderidurl) req12.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req12data = urllib.request.urlopen(req12).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") patorderid = '"orderId":"(.*?)"' orderidall = re.compile(patorderid).findall(req12data) if (len(orderidall) == 0): print("未获取到orderid，正在进行新一次的请求。") continue else: orderid = orderidall[0] break print("获取orderid完成，即将进行下一步") # 总请求5-确认步骤3-请求结果 resulturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue" resultdata = "orderSequence_no=" + orderid + "&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token) resultdata2 = resultdata.encode('utf-8') req13 = urllib.request.Request(resulturl, resultdata2) req13.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req13data = urllib.request.urlopen(req13).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") print("请求结果完成，即将进行下一步") try: # 总请求6-确认步骤4-支付接口页面 payurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn//payOrder/init" paydata = "_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token) paydata2 = paydata.encode('utf-8') req14 = urllib.request.Request(payurl, paydata2) req14.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0') req14data = urllib.request.urlopen(req14).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore") print("订单已经完成提交，您可以登录后台进行支付了。") break except Exception as err: break except Exception as err: print(err) 转载自：